Dandruff is a condition of the scalp in which scalp flakes or sheds off dead skin. Dandruff is infectious in nature and the infection is the result of bacteria or fungus which causes excessive scaling of scalp. The scales resemble snow flakes and fall off in plenty, accumulating on shoulders or neck. Dandruff spreads through direct or indirect contact with the person having dandruff. There can be two types of dandruff: dry and waxy. Dry dandruff is whitish light flakes that can be easily dusted off. Waxy dandruff occurs when the flakes mingle with sebum and remain glued to the scalp. Dandruff results in irritation, intense itching and redness of scalp. Dandruff is often mistaken for dry scalp, but both are not the same. The factors contributing to dandruff may be listed as follows:
1. Malnutrition
2. Inadequate zinc and calcium in diet
3. Excessive sugary, spicy or salty diet
4. Excessive alcohol intake
5. Yeast infection
6. Infection caused by the fungi malasezia furfur
7. Usage of alkaline soaps and shampoos
8. Prolonged exposure to heat or cold.


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