Our Skin
The skin is an ever-changing organ that contains many specialized cells and structures. The skin functions as a protective barrier that interfaces with a sometimes-hostile environment. It is also very involved in maintaining the proper temperature for the body to function well. It gathers sensory information from the environment, and plays an active role in the immune system protecting us from disease. Understanding how the skin can function in these many ways starts with understanding the structure of the 3 layers of skin - the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.
Epidermis
The epidermis is the outer layer of skin. The thickness of the epidermis varies in different types of skin. It is the thinnest on the eyelids at .05 mm and the thickest on the palms and soles at 1.5 mm.
The epidermis contains 5 layers.
From bottom to top the layers are named:
· stratum basale
· stratum spinosum
· stratum granulosum
· stratum licidum
· stratum corneum
The bottom layer, the stratum basale, has cells that are shaped like columns. In this layer the cells divide and push already formed cells into higher layers. As the cells move into the higher layers, they flatten and eventually die.
The top layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, is made of dead, flat skin cells that shed about every 2 weeks.
Specialized Epidermal Cells
There are three types of specialized cells in the epidermis.
· The melanocyte produces pigment (melanin)
· The Langerhans' cell is the frontline defense of the immune system in the skin
· The Merkel's cell's function is not clearly known
Dermis
The dermis also varies in thickness depending on the location of the skin. It is .3 mm on the eyelid and 3.0 mm on the back. The dermis is composed of three types of tissue that are present throughout - not in layers. The types of tissue are:
· collagen
· elastic tissue
· reticular fibers
Layers of the Dermis
The two layers of the dermis are the papillary and reticular layers.
· The upper, papillary layer, contains a thin arrangement of collagen fibers.
· The lower, reticular layer, is thicker and made of thick collagen fibers that are arranged parallel to the surface of the skin.
Specialized Dermal Cells
The dermis contains many specialized cells and structures.
· The hair follicles are situated here with the erector pili muscle that attaches to each follicle.
· Sebaceous (oil) glands and apocrine (scent) glands are associated with the follicle.
· This layer also contains eccrine (sweat) glands, but they are not associated with hair follicles.
· Blood vessels and nerves course through this layer. The nerves transmit sensations of pain, itch, and temperature.
· There are also specialized nerve cells called Meissner's and Vater-Pacini corpuscles that transmit the sensations of touch and pressure.
Subcutaneous Tissue
The subcutaneous tissue is a layer of fat and connective tissue that houses larger blood vessels and nerves. This layer is important is the regulation of temperature of the skin itself and the body. The size of this layer varies throughout the body and from person to person.
The skin is a complicated structure with many functions. If any of the structures in the skin are not working properly, a rash or abnormal sensation is the result. The whole specialty of dermatology is devoted to understanding the skin, what can go wrong, and what to do if something does go wrong.
5:["$","$4",null,{"fallback":[[["$","link","css:/assets/_layout-BzYdn0f6.css",{"rel":"stylesheet","precedence":"vite-rsc/importer-resources","href":"/assets/_layout-BzYdn0f6.css","data-rsc-css-href":"/assets/_layout-BzYdn0f6.css"}],"$undefined"],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-center items-center p-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"animate-spin rounded-full h-8 w-8 border-b-2 border-indigo-600"}]}]],"children":["$","div",null,{"className":"bg-white/95 mt-0.5 py-6 sm:py-12","children":["$","article",null,{"className":"mx-auto w-full max-w-2xl format format-sm sm:format-base lg:format-lg format-blue dark:format-invert","children":[["$","header",null,{"className":"mb-4 lg:mb-6 not-format","children":[["$","h1",null,{"className":"mb-4 text-3xl font-extrabold leading-tight text-gray-900 lg:mb-6 lg:text-4xl dark:text-white","children":"Brief info on our skin"}],["$","address",null,{"className":"flex items-center mb-6 not-italic","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"inline-flex items-center text-sm text-gray-900 dark:text-white","children":[["$","img",null,{"className":"mr-3 w-8 h-8 rounded-full","src":"$7","alt":"Vijaya"}],["$","a",null,{"href":"/author/vijaya_73331516637590","rel":"author","className":"font-bold capitalize hover:underline dark:text-white","children":"Vijaya"}],["$","span",null,{"className":"mx-1 text-md text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500","children":"·"}],["$","span",null,{"className":"inline-flex items-center ml-1 text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400","children":"3 min read"}],["$","span",null,{"className":"mx-1 text-md text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500","children":"·"}],["$","time",null,{"dateTime":"Sun May 04 2008","className":"text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400","children":"May 4, 2008"}],[["$","span",null,{"className":"mx-1 text-md text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500","children":"·"}],["$","a","information",{"href":"/t/information","className":"capitalize text-sm text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400 hover:text-gray-600","children":"information"}]]]}]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"lead prose mt-4 text-lg leading-8 text-gray-600","children":["$","div",null,{"dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"$8"}}]}],"$L9","$La"]}]}]}] b:T63b,M12.315 2c2.43 0 2.784.013 3.808.06 1.064.049 1.791.218 2.427.465a4.902 4.902 0 011.772 1.153 4.902 4.902 0 011.153 1.772c.247.636.416 1.363.465 2.427.048 1.067.06 1.407.06 4.123v.08c0 2.643-.012 2.987-.06 4.043-.049 1.064-.218 1.791-.465 2.427a4.902 4.902 0 01-1.153 1.772 4.902 4.902 0 01-1.772 1.153c-.636.247-1.363.416-2.427.465-1.067.048-1.407.06-4.123.06h-.08c-2.643 0-2.987-.012-4.043-.06-1.064-.049-1.791-.218-2.427-.465a4.902 4.902 0 01-1.772-1.153 4.902 4.902 0 01-1.153-1.772c-.247-.636-.416-1.363-.465-2.427-.047-1.024-.06-1.379-.06-3.808v-.63c0-2.43.013-2.784.06-3.808.049-1.064.218-1.791.465-2.427a4.902 4.902 0 011.153-1.772A4.902 4.902 0 015.45 2.525c.636-.247 1.363-.416 2.427-.465C8.901 2.013 9.256 2 11.685 2h.63zm-.081 1.802h-.468c-2.456 0-2.784.011-3.807.058-.975.045-1.504.207-1.857.344-.467.182-.8.398-1.15.748-.35.35-.566.683-.748 1.15-.137.353-.3.882-.344 1.857-.047 1.023-.058 1.351-.058 3.807v.468c0 2.456.011 2.784.058 3.807.045.975.207 1.504.344 1.857.182.466.399.8.748 1.15.35.35.683.566 1.15.748.353.137.882.3 1.857.344 1.054.048 1.37.058 4.041.058h.08c2.597 0 2.917-.01 3.96-.058.976-.045 1.505-.207 1.858-.344.466-.182.8-.398 1.15-.748.35-.35.566-.683.748-1.15.137-.353.3-.882.344-1.857.048-1.055.058-1.37.058-4.041v-.08c0-2.597-.01-2.917-.058-3.96-.045-.976-.207-1.505-.344-1.858a3.097 3.097 0 00-.748-1.15 3.098 3.098 0 00-1.15-.748c-.353-.137-.882-.3-1.857-.344-1.023-.047-1.351-.058-3.807-.058zM12 6.865a5.135 5.135 0 110 10.27 5.135 5.135 0 010-10.27zm0 1.802a3.333 3.333 0 100 6.666 3.333 3.333 0 000-6.666zm5.338-3.205a1.2 1.2 0 110 2.4 1.2 1.2 0 010-2.4z6:["$","footer",null,{"className":"bg-gray-900 dark:bg-gray-900","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"mx-auto max-w-7xl px-6 py-4.5 md:flex md:items-center md:justify-between lg:px-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-center space-x-6 md:order-2","children":[["$","a","Facebook",{"href":"https://facebook.com/gleeztech","target":"_blank","rel":"noopener noreferrer","className":"text-gray-400 hover:text-gray-500","children":[["$","span",null,{"className":"sr-only","children":"Facebook"}],["$","svg",null,{"className":"h-6 w-6","fill":"currentColor","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","aria-hidden":"true","children":["$","path",null,{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M22 12c0-5.523-4.477-10-10-10S2 6.477 2 12c0 4.991 3.657 9.128 8.438 9.878v-6.987h-2.54V12h2.54V9.797c0-2.506 1.492-3.89 3.777-3.89 1.094 0 2.238.195 2.238.195v2.46h-1.26c-1.243 0-1.63.771-1.63 1.562V12h2.773l-.443 2.89h-2.33v6.988C18.343 21.128 22 16.991 22 12z","clipRule":"evenodd"}]}]]}],["$","a","Instagram",{"href":"https://instagram.com/gleeztech","target":"_blank","rel":"noopener noreferrer","className":"text-gray-400 hover:text-gray-500","children":[["$","span",null,{"className":"sr-only","children":"Instagram"}],["$","svg",null,{"className":"h-6 w-6","fill":"currentColor","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","aria-hidden":"true","children":["$","path",null,{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"$b","clipRule":"evenodd"}]}]]}],["$","a","X",{"href":"https://x.com/gleeztech","target":"_blank","rel":"noopener noreferrer","className":"text-gray-400 hover:text-gray-500","children":[["$","span",null,{"className":"sr-only","children":"X"}],["$","svg",null,{"className":"h-6 w-6","fill":"currentColor","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","aria-hidden":"true","children":["$","path",null,{"d":"M13.6823 10.6218L20.2391 3H18.6854L12.9921 9.61788L8.44486 3H3.2002L10.0765 13.0074L3.2002 21H4.75404L10.7663 14.0113L15.5685 21H20.8131L13.6819 10.6218H13.6823ZM11.5541 13.0956L10.8574 12.0991L5.31391 4.16971H7.70053L12.1742 10.5689L12.8709 11.5655L18.6861 19.8835H16.2995L11.5541 13.096V13.0956Z"}]}]]}],"$Lc"]}],"$Ld"]}]}] 9:["$","div",null,{"className":"mt-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"flex flex-wrap gap-2","children":[["$","a","75411941818774",{"href":"/t/skin","className":"inline-flex items-center rounded-full bg-gray-50 px-2 py-1 text-xs font-medium capitalize text-primary-600 inset-ring inset-ring-gray-500/10 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:bg-gray-900/30 dark:text-primary-300 dark:hover:bg-gray-800/50 transition-colors","children":"skin"}]]}]}] a:["$","$4",null,{"fallback":["$","div",null,{"className":"comments-skeleton","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"h-6 bg-gray-200 rounded w-32 mb-4 animate-pulse"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"space-y-3","children":[["$","div","1",{"className":"h-16 bg-gray-100 rounded animate-pulse"}],["$","div","2",{"className":"h-16 bg-gray-100 rounded animate-pulse"}],["$","div","3",{"className":"h-16 bg-gray-100 rounded animate-pulse"}]]}]]}],"children":"$Le"}] c:["$","a","GitHub",{"href":"https://github.com/gleez","target":"_blank","rel":"noopener noreferrer","className":"text-gray-400 hover:text-gray-500","children":[["$","span",null,{"className":"sr-only","children":"GitHub"}],["$","svg",null,{"className":"h-6 w-6","fill":"currentColor","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","aria-hidden":"true","children":["$","path",null,{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M12 2C6.477 2 2 6.484 2 12.017c0 4.425 2.865 8.18 6.839 9.504.5.092.682-.217.682-.483 0-.237-.008-.868-.013-1.703-2.782.605-3.369-1.343-3.369-1.343-.454-1.158-1.11-1.466-1.11-1.466-.908-.62.069-.608.069-.608 1.003.07 1.531 1.032 1.531 1.032.892 1.53 2.341 1.088 2.91.832.092-.647.35-1.088.636-1.338-2.22-.253-4.555-1.113-4.555-4.951 0-1.093.39-1.988 1.029-2.688-.103-.253-.446-1.272.098-2.65 0 0 .84-.27 2.75 1.026A9.564 9.564 0 0112 6.844c.85.004 1.705.115 2.504.337 1.909-1.296 2.747-1.027 2.747-1.027.546 1.379.202 2.398.1 2.651.64.7 1.028 1.595 1.028 2.688 0 3.848-2.339 4.695-4.566 4.943.359.309.678.92.678 1.855 0 1.338-.012 2.419-.012 2.747 0 .268.18.58.688.482A10.019 10.019 0 0022 12.017C22 6.484 17.522 2 12 2z","clipRule":"evenodd"}]}]]}] d:["$","div",null,{"className":"mt-8 md:order-1 md:mt-0","children":["$","p",null,{"className":"text-sm leading-5 text-gray-400","children":["© 2005 - ",2026," Gleez Inc. All rights reserved."]}]}] e:["$","div",null,{"className":"mt-8","children":[["$","h3",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-4","children":"Voices"}],["$","p",null,{"className":"text-gray-500","children":"No voices yet. Be the first to share your perspective!"}]]}]