0:{"root":[["$","meta","1",{"property":"csp-nonce","nonce":"4f5426ad-d802-47ca-9936-f297d1656c38"}],"$L1"],"formState":"$undefined","returnValue":"$undefined"} 2:"$Sreact.fragment" 3:I["7ada5cab5be8",[],"Header",1] 4:"$Sreact.suspense" :HL["/assets/_layout-BzYdn0f6.css","stylesheet"] 1:["$","$2","2",{"children":[[["$","link","css:/assets/_layout-BzYdn0f6.css",{"rel":"stylesheet","precedence":"vite-rsc/importer-resources","href":"/assets/_layout-BzYdn0f6.css","data-rsc-css-href":"/assets/_layout-BzYdn0f6.css"}],"$undefined"],["$","html",null,{"lang":"en","className":"$undefined","children":[["$","head",null,{"children":[["$","meta",null,{"charSet":"UTF-8"}],["$","meta",null,{"name":"viewport","content":"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"}],["$","link",null,{"rel":"icon","type":"image/png","href":"/static/icons/apple-icon.png"}],["$","link",null,{"rel":"icon","type":"image/png","sizes":"32x32","href":"/static/icons/favicon-32x32.png"}],["$","link",null,{"rel":"apple-touch-icon","href":"/static/icons/apple-icon.png"}],["$","meta",null,{"name":"theme-color","content":"#1e40af"}],["$","meta",null,{"name":"language","content":"en_US"}],["$","meta",null,{"httpEquiv":"content-language","content":"en_US"}]]}],["$","body",null,{"className":"min-h-screen flex flex-col","children":[["$","$L3",null,{}],["$","main",null,{"className":"main-content grow bg-gray-100","children":["$","$4",null,{"fallback":[[["$","link","css:/assets/_layout-BzYdn0f6.css",{"rel":"stylesheet","precedence":"vite-rsc/importer-resources","href":"/assets/_layout-BzYdn0f6.css","data-rsc-css-href":"/assets/_layout-BzYdn0f6.css"}],"$undefined"],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-center items-center p-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"animate-spin rounded-full h-8 w-8 border-b-2 border-indigo-600"}]}]],"children":[[["$","title",null,{"children":"Remnants of war | Gleez"}],["$","meta",null,{"name":"description","content":"Laos is the most bombed country on earth. The US dropped 2.4 million tonnes of bombs on it during the Vietnam War - more than the allies dropped on…"}],["$","meta",null,{"name":"keywords","content":"remnants, war, Gleez, privacy, secure productivity"}],["$","meta",null,{"name":"author","content":"Sunny"}],["$","meta",null,{"property":"og:title","content":"Remnants of war | Gleez"}],["$","meta",null,{"property":"og:description","content":"Laos is the most bombed country on earth. The US dropped 2.4 million tonnes of bombs on it during the Vietnam War - more than the allies dropped on…"}],["$","meta",null,{"property":"og:type","content":"article"}],["$","meta",null,{"property":"og:url","content":"https://gleez.com/s/remnants-of-war"}],["$","meta",null,{"property":"og:image","content":"/static/og.png"}],["$","meta",null,{"property":"og:image:alt","content":"Remnants of war"}],["$","meta",null,{"property":"og:site_name","content":"Gleez"}],["$","meta",null,{"property":"og:locale","content":"en_US"}],["$","meta",null,{"property":"article:published_time","content":"2008-06-19T05:39:28.000Z"}],["$","meta",null,{"property":"article:modified_time","content":"2018-12-31T17:55:56.000Z"}],["$","meta",null,{"property":"article:author","content":"https://gleez.com/author/73326181482902"}],[],["$","meta",null,{"name":"twitter:card","content":"summary_large_image"}],["$","meta",null,{"name":"twitter:title","content":"Remnants of war | Gleez"}],["$","meta",null,{"name":"twitter:description","content":"Laos is the most bombed country on earth. The US dropped 2.4 million tonnes of bombs on it during the Vietnam War - more than the allies dropped on…"}],["$","meta",null,{"name":"twitter:image","content":"/static/og.png"}],["$","meta",null,{"name":"twitter:image:alt","content":"Remnants of war"}],["$","meta",null,{"name":"twitter:site","content":"@gleeztech"}],["$","meta",null,{"name":"twitter:creator","content":"@gleeztech"}],["$","link",null,{"rel":"canonical","href":"https://gleez.com/s/remnants-of-war"}],["$","meta",null,{"name":"robots","content":"index, follow"}],["$","meta",null,{"name":"googlebot","content":"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large"}],["$","script",null,{"type":"application/ld+json","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"headline\":\"Remnants of war\",\"description\":\"Laos is the most bombed country on earth. The US dropped 2.4 million tonnes of bombs on it during the Vietnam War - more than the allies dropped on…\",\"image\":\"/static/og.png\",\"author\":{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Sunny\"},\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Gleez\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://gleez.tech/static/logo-512.png\"}},\"datePublished\":\"2008-06-19T05:39:28.000Z\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-12-31T17:55:56.000Z\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://gleez.com/s/remnants-of-war\"}}"}}]],"$L5"]}]}],"$L6"]}]]}]]}] 7:T40f,data:image/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg%20width%3D%2232%22%20height%3D%2232%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2032%2032%22%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20role%3D%22img%22%20aria-label%3D%22Avatar%20for%20Sunny%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22hsl(151%2C%2071%25%2C%2051%25)%22%20rx%3D%223.2%22%20%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ctext%20x%3D%2250%25%22%20y%3D%2250%25%22%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20font-family%3D%22sans-serif%22%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20font-size%3D%2212.8%22%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20font-weight%3D%22bold%22%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20fill%3D%22%23FFFFFF%22%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20style%3D%22user-select%3A%20none%3B%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20S%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%3C%2Ftext%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fsvg%3E8:T936,

Laos is the most bombed country on earth. The US dropped 2.4 million tonnes of bombs on it during the Vietnam War - more than the allies dropped on Germany and Japan combined in World War II.
Photographs by Sean Sutton / www.maginternational.org

The target of this secret war was the Ho Chi Minh trail - a supply route that ran through Laos linking North and South Vietnam. In the village of Phanop, at the northern end of the trail, an aircraft tail fin stands in the grounds of a temple.

The remnants of war have been used in many ways. These boats have been fashioned out of discarded fuel tanks from US Air Force fighter-bombers.

An estimated 270 million cluster bombs were dropped. In the background a fence has been made out of cluster bomb containers. Tens of millions of the bomblets they scattered failed to explode, effectively becoming anti-personnel landmines.

Rockets and mortar bombs are used as weights to keep the thatch down during storms.

Chai, 18, and her 12-year-old brother Song look for scrap metal. Many rely on this dangerous trade, which has expanded in the last four years because of an influx of cheap metal detectors from Vietnam.

Children back off as a villager tries to open a cluster bomblet, to take out the explosives. This kind of activity claims lives almost daily in Laos.

Once the explosive has been removed, the bomblets can be turned into household implements, such as oil lamps. Cluster bombs are the most common type of unexploded ordnance.

Scrap dealers arrive late in the day to take people back to their villages and to weigh and buy the metal. The dealers pay about $1.50 per kilo. Experts say that for many people this is the only way to survive.

Van mourns the death of her brother, Talay, close to his body in the jungle. He and his friend tried to chisel off a bomb fuse.

The Mines Advisory Group (MAG) has been clearing unexploded ordnance in Laos since the mid-1990s. Before that little clearance took place, except on roads.

At least a third of the territory of Laos is contaminated - but the government has other priorities, such as health and education, to focus on. Listen to Bomb Hunters, presented by Angela Robson, at 0905 GMT on 13 June, on the BBC World Service.

5:["$","$4",null,{"fallback":[[["$","link","css:/assets/_layout-BzYdn0f6.css",{"rel":"stylesheet","precedence":"vite-rsc/importer-resources","href":"/assets/_layout-BzYdn0f6.css","data-rsc-css-href":"/assets/_layout-BzYdn0f6.css"}],"$undefined"],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-center items-center p-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"animate-spin rounded-full h-8 w-8 border-b-2 border-indigo-600"}]}]],"children":["$","div",null,{"className":"bg-white/95 mt-0.5 py-6 sm:py-12","children":["$","article",null,{"className":"mx-auto w-full max-w-2xl format format-sm sm:format-base lg:format-lg format-blue dark:format-invert","children":[["$","header",null,{"className":"mb-4 lg:mb-6 not-format","children":[["$","h1",null,{"className":"mb-4 text-3xl font-extrabold leading-tight text-gray-900 lg:mb-6 lg:text-4xl dark:text-white","children":"Remnants of war"}],["$","address",null,{"className":"flex items-center mb-6 not-italic","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"inline-flex items-center text-sm text-gray-900 dark:text-white","children":[["$","img",null,{"className":"mr-3 w-8 h-8 rounded-full","src":"$7","alt":"Sunny"}],["$","a",null,{"href":"/author/sunny_73326181482902","rel":"author","className":"font-bold capitalize hover:underline dark:text-white","children":"Sunny"}],["$","span",null,{"className":"mx-1 text-md text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500","children":"·"}],["$","span",null,{"className":"inline-flex items-center ml-1 text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400","children":"2 min read"}],["$","span",null,{"className":"mx-1 text-md text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500","children":"·"}],["$","time",null,{"dateTime":"Thu Jun 19 2008","className":"text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400","children":"Jun 19, 2008"}],[["$","span",null,{"className":"mx-1 text-md text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500","children":"·"}],["$","a","information",{"href":"/t/information","className":"capitalize text-sm text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400 hover:text-gray-600","children":"information"}]]]}]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"lead prose mt-4 text-lg leading-8 text-gray-600","children":["$","div",null,{"dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"$8"}}]}],"$L9","$La"]}]}]}] b:T63b,M12.315 2c2.43 0 2.784.013 3.808.06 1.064.049 1.791.218 2.427.465a4.902 4.902 0 011.772 1.153 4.902 4.902 0 011.153 1.772c.247.636.416 1.363.465 2.427.048 1.067.06 1.407.06 4.123v.08c0 2.643-.012 2.987-.06 4.043-.049 1.064-.218 1.791-.465 2.427a4.902 4.902 0 01-1.153 1.772 4.902 4.902 0 01-1.772 1.153c-.636.247-1.363.416-2.427.465-1.067.048-1.407.06-4.123.06h-.08c-2.643 0-2.987-.012-4.043-.06-1.064-.049-1.791-.218-2.427-.465a4.902 4.902 0 01-1.772-1.153 4.902 4.902 0 01-1.153-1.772c-.247-.636-.416-1.363-.465-2.427-.047-1.024-.06-1.379-.06-3.808v-.63c0-2.43.013-2.784.06-3.808.049-1.064.218-1.791.465-2.427a4.902 4.902 0 011.153-1.772A4.902 4.902 0 015.45 2.525c.636-.247 1.363-.416 2.427-.465C8.901 2.013 9.256 2 11.685 2h.63zm-.081 1.802h-.468c-2.456 0-2.784.011-3.807.058-.975.045-1.504.207-1.857.344-.467.182-.8.398-1.15.748-.35.35-.566.683-.748 1.15-.137.353-.3.882-.344 1.857-.047 1.023-.058 1.351-.058 3.807v.468c0 2.456.011 2.784.058 3.807.045.975.207 1.504.344 1.857.182.466.399.8.748 1.15.35.35.683.566 1.15.748.353.137.882.3 1.857.344 1.054.048 1.37.058 4.041.058h.08c2.597 0 2.917-.01 3.96-.058.976-.045 1.505-.207 1.858-.344.466-.182.8-.398 1.15-.748.35-.35.566-.683.748-1.15.137-.353.3-.882.344-1.857.048-1.055.058-1.37.058-4.041v-.08c0-2.597-.01-2.917-.058-3.96-.045-.976-.207-1.505-.344-1.858a3.097 3.097 0 00-.748-1.15 3.098 3.098 0 00-1.15-.748c-.353-.137-.882-.3-1.857-.344-1.023-.047-1.351-.058-3.807-.058zM12 6.865a5.135 5.135 0 110 10.27 5.135 5.135 0 010-10.27zm0 1.802a3.333 3.333 0 100 6.666 3.333 3.333 0 000-6.666zm5.338-3.205a1.2 1.2 0 110 2.4 1.2 1.2 0 010-2.4z6:["$","footer",null,{"className":"bg-gray-900 dark:bg-gray-900","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"mx-auto max-w-7xl px-6 py-4.5 md:flex md:items-center md:justify-between lg:px-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-center space-x-6 md:order-2","children":[["$","a","Facebook",{"href":"https://facebook.com/gleeztech","target":"_blank","rel":"noopener noreferrer","className":"text-gray-400 hover:text-gray-500","children":[["$","span",null,{"className":"sr-only","children":"Facebook"}],["$","svg",null,{"className":"h-6 w-6","fill":"currentColor","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","aria-hidden":"true","children":["$","path",null,{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M22 12c0-5.523-4.477-10-10-10S2 6.477 2 12c0 4.991 3.657 9.128 8.438 9.878v-6.987h-2.54V12h2.54V9.797c0-2.506 1.492-3.89 3.777-3.89 1.094 0 2.238.195 2.238.195v2.46h-1.26c-1.243 0-1.63.771-1.63 1.562V12h2.773l-.443 2.89h-2.33v6.988C18.343 21.128 22 16.991 22 12z","clipRule":"evenodd"}]}]]}],["$","a","Instagram",{"href":"https://instagram.com/gleeztech","target":"_blank","rel":"noopener noreferrer","className":"text-gray-400 hover:text-gray-500","children":[["$","span",null,{"className":"sr-only","children":"Instagram"}],["$","svg",null,{"className":"h-6 w-6","fill":"currentColor","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","aria-hidden":"true","children":["$","path",null,{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"$b","clipRule":"evenodd"}]}]]}],["$","a","X",{"href":"https://x.com/gleeztech","target":"_blank","rel":"noopener noreferrer","className":"text-gray-400 hover:text-gray-500","children":[["$","span",null,{"className":"sr-only","children":"X"}],["$","svg",null,{"className":"h-6 w-6","fill":"currentColor","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","aria-hidden":"true","children":["$","path",null,{"d":"M13.6823 10.6218L20.2391 3H18.6854L12.9921 9.61788L8.44486 3H3.2002L10.0765 13.0074L3.2002 21H4.75404L10.7663 14.0113L15.5685 21H20.8131L13.6819 10.6218H13.6823ZM11.5541 13.0956L10.8574 12.0991L5.31391 4.16971H7.70053L12.1742 10.5689L12.8709 11.5655L18.6861 19.8835H16.2995L11.5541 13.096V13.0956Z"}]}]]}],"$Lc"]}],"$Ld"]}]}] 9:null a:["$","$4",null,{"fallback":["$","div",null,{"className":"comments-skeleton","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"h-6 bg-gray-200 rounded w-32 mb-4 animate-pulse"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"space-y-3","children":[["$","div","1",{"className":"h-16 bg-gray-100 rounded animate-pulse"}],["$","div","2",{"className":"h-16 bg-gray-100 rounded animate-pulse"}],["$","div","3",{"className":"h-16 bg-gray-100 rounded animate-pulse"}]]}]]}],"children":"$Le"}] c:["$","a","GitHub",{"href":"https://github.com/gleez","target":"_blank","rel":"noopener noreferrer","className":"text-gray-400 hover:text-gray-500","children":[["$","span",null,{"className":"sr-only","children":"GitHub"}],["$","svg",null,{"className":"h-6 w-6","fill":"currentColor","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","aria-hidden":"true","children":["$","path",null,{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M12 2C6.477 2 2 6.484 2 12.017c0 4.425 2.865 8.18 6.839 9.504.5.092.682-.217.682-.483 0-.237-.008-.868-.013-1.703-2.782.605-3.369-1.343-3.369-1.343-.454-1.158-1.11-1.466-1.11-1.466-.908-.62.069-.608.069-.608 1.003.07 1.531 1.032 1.531 1.032.892 1.53 2.341 1.088 2.91.832.092-.647.35-1.088.636-1.338-2.22-.253-4.555-1.113-4.555-4.951 0-1.093.39-1.988 1.029-2.688-.103-.253-.446-1.272.098-2.65 0 0 .84-.27 2.75 1.026A9.564 9.564 0 0112 6.844c.85.004 1.705.115 2.504.337 1.909-1.296 2.747-1.027 2.747-1.027.546 1.379.202 2.398.1 2.651.64.7 1.028 1.595 1.028 2.688 0 3.848-2.339 4.695-4.566 4.943.359.309.678.92.678 1.855 0 1.338-.012 2.419-.012 2.747 0 .268.18.58.688.482A10.019 10.019 0 0022 12.017C22 6.484 17.522 2 12 2z","clipRule":"evenodd"}]}]]}] d:["$","div",null,{"className":"mt-8 md:order-1 md:mt-0","children":["$","p",null,{"className":"text-sm leading-5 text-gray-400","children":["© 2005 - ",2026," Gleez Inc. All rights reserved."]}]}] e:["$","div",null,{"className":"mt-8","children":[["$","h3",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-4","children":"Voices"}],["$","p",null,{"className":"text-gray-500","children":"Your voice matters. Be the first to contribute!"}]]}]