Skin pigment disorders affect the coloration of a person's skin. The skin can become darker or lighter in various areas of the body. Although most pigmentation disorders aren't dangerous and don't cause a person to become physically ill they can cause emotional distress especially when the affected skin is in a visible area such as the face.
Causes and symptoms
Scientists are still studying the reasons why skin pigmentation disorders occur. In some cases there are tangible causes, such as sun exposure, drug reactions or genetic inheritance. In other cases, it is not as clear.
Albinism is an inherited recessive trait. Albinism has many different forms, but most people who have this condition have pale skin, hair, and eyes. Melanin also creates eye color, and serves as a filter that prevents too much light from entering the eye. Since they lack melanin in their eyes, many people with albinism also have visual impairment. With little skin pigmentation, they also sunburn easily and are more prone to skin cancer.
The hypopigmentation spots associated with vitilgo sometimes form where a person has been cut or injured. Research has shown that the light patches associated with vitilgo do not contain melanocytes, the type of skin cells that create melanin. Some scientists believe vitilgo may be caused by an autoimmune disorder. It also has been linked to other conditions such as hyperthyroidism (too much thyroid hormone) and Addison's Disease, which affects the adrenal gland.
Hyperpigmentation can be caused by many factors, from too much sunbathing to drug reactions or poor nutrition. Wounds and scars also can develop darker patches of skin. A psychological syndrome gives people with lichen simplex chronicus to develop a compulsive need to scratch, which causes dark, leathery skin to form. This can lead to permanent scarring and infection if untreated. Scientists believe lamellar ichthyosis is caused by genetics.
The mask caused by melasma may be related to pregnancy hormones, and usually disappears after a woman gives birth. Birthmarks, moles, and aging spots usually are harmless. Some moles, however, can change in size, color, texture, or start bleeding, which could indicate possible skin cancer.
Treatment
Kojic acid preparations as well as hydroquinnone are equally effective in eliminating acne spots, freckles, sun burned pigmented skin and various dark patches of hyper pigmentation by even- toning the skin and reducing production of melanin in skin melanocytes. However, kojic acid tend to be safer and more skin friendly to treat skin's discolorations. Hydroquinone is an skin irritant. Hippocrates Scars Treatment Kit contains kojic acid and is our formulation for skin hyper pigmentation.
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